The first is a study in cadavers: Bone cement penetration pattern and primary stability testing in keeled and pegged glenoid components points out that the more osteoporotic the bone of the glenoid, the more cement can be pressurized into it. While this result is intuitive (porous bone accepts more cement), it has some important implications. As we've show previously, more cement generates more heat as it sets up and more heat can kill bone and dead bone can contribute to loosening of the component. From the figures in this article, it appears that the authors vigorously reamed the bone of the glenoid, perhaps removing much of the firmer cortical bone that lies at the joint surface. We strive to preserve as much of this bone as possible in all cases, but especially in those with soft bone.
A second issue is that these authors state that they tested "primary" stability of the component. But rather than studying the common failure mode: the 'rocking horse', they used direct pull-out, which is a mechanism that is not possible in the living shoulder.
Further, in these 'stability' tests, they found that the components were pulled out of the cement mantle. As the examples below of the many loose glenoids I've retrieved show, this is not the mode of failure in living patients. Instead, glenoid components fail in the clinical situation at the cement-bone interface because the bone around the cement gives way.
The bottom line is that even though this is a well-done cadaver study, the clinical application of such cadaver studies must be made cautiously.
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Next an article entitled, The prevalence of shoulder osteoarthritis in the elderly Korean population: association with risk factors and function, showed that in Korea the risk of OA increased with age and with the co-existence of knee arthritis.
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Our UK colleagues found that Venous thromboembolic events are rare after shoulder surgery: analysis of a national database. Specifically after total shoulder replacement, the rates of deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and death within 90 days were, respectively, 0%, 0.2%, and 0.22%. These rates were not changed by the implementation of thromboembolic prophylaxis. As a result the authors suggest that such prophylaxis may not be necessary.
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Long-term results and patient satisfaction after shoulder resurfacing provided a minimum of 20 year or until death followup on 61 patients having either hemi resurfacing or total resurfacing procedures. The satisfaction rate was reported to be high; 7 patients were lost to followup. Twelve of the 41 total resurfacing prostheses showed radiolucent lines but only three had revision surgery for glenoid component loosening.
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Results of revision from hemiarthroplasty to total shoulder arthroplasty utilizing modular component systems pointed out that it is often possible to revise a painful modular humeral hemiarthroplasty to a total shoulder by removing the humeral head aspect of the humeral component, inserting a glenoid component, and then replacing the humeral head component.
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Finally, Shoulder arthroplasty in hemophilic arthropathy demonstrated that satisfactory results could be obtained with this complex condition, but that the support of a hematologist was recommended.
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